How to Become a Parts Manager (Procuring Parts Perfection)

If you’ve ever envisioned overseeing a vital aspect of the automotive or manufacturing industries or wondered what it takes to become a parts manager, you’re in the right place.

In this guide, we’ll delve into the SPECIFIC steps you need to take to launch your career as a parts manager. We’ll discuss:

The skills you need.
The relevant education and training.
How to secure a job as a parts manager.

So, whether you’re new to the industry or an experienced professional seeking to advance, stay tuned.

We’re about to reveal the roadmap to becoming a parts manager.

Let’s get started!

Contents show

Steps to Become a Parts Manager

Step 1: Understand the Role and Responsibilities

Before you embark on your journey to become a Parts Manager, it’s important to fully understand what the role entails.

Parts Managers are responsible for managing the supply, storage, and accessibility of parts for automotive or manufacturing companies.

They ensure that the necessary parts are available when needed for repairs or production, track inventory, and order parts when supplies are low.

Additionally, Parts Managers often work with vendors and suppliers to negotiate pricing and delivery schedules.

They must have strong organizational and management skills, as they are in charge of staff who assist with inventory control.

They must also possess good customer service skills, as they often interact with customers needing parts for repairs.

In this role, they are also responsible for maintaining a budget and ensuring that the department is profitable.

This requires a strong understanding of business and finance, as well as the ability to analyze sales data and trends.

Understanding these duties and responsibilities will help you decide if this is the right career path for you.

It will also guide you in what skills and knowledge you should focus on acquiring as you pursue this role.

Step 2: Obtain Relevant Education

To become a successful Parts Manager, you should consider obtaining a degree or certificate in a field related to business management, logistics, supply chain management, or automotive technology.

This education will provide you with the knowledge and skills necessary to manage inventory, understand automotive parts, and handle other responsibilities that come with the job role.

Many community colleges and technical schools offer associate’s degrees or certificate programs in these areas.

You might take courses in inventory management, procurement, and business operations.

Classes in automotive technology will help you understand the different types of parts you’ll be managing and how they function in a vehicle.

Although not always required, some employers may prefer or even require a bachelor’s degree in Business Administration or a related field.

This degree will provide a more in-depth understanding of business operations, finance, and management principles.

In addition to formal education, it’s beneficial to have a solid understanding of computer systems and software used for inventory management and ordering parts.

Many schools offer computer classes or workshops that can help you develop these technical skills.

This education will not only prepare you for the role of a Parts Manager but will also make you more attractive to potential employers.

Step 3: Gain Experience in Parts Departments

After you have obtained relevant education in automotive or mechanical engineering, the next step towards becoming a Parts Manager is to gain experience by working in parts departments.

You can start as an assistant or intern in car dealerships, garages or automotive shops where you’ll learn the basic duties of handling, ordering, and selling parts.

This hands-on experience will allow you to familiarize yourself with various vehicle parts, their functions, and how to manage their inventory.

You will learn to use electronic parts catalogs and databases to find correct parts for repairs.

It’s also crucial to understand how to communicate with technicians, mechanics, suppliers, and customers effectively.

In addition, you will gain insights on how to effectively run a parts department including inventory control, cataloging, and parts ordering processes.

This experience is vital as it forms the foundation of your career and prepares you for advanced roles like a Parts Manager.

Remember that progression in this field often comes with time and experience.

You might start in a junior role, but with dedication, hard work, and continuous learning, you could eventually rise to a management position.

Step 4: Develop Inventory Management Skills

As a Parts Manager, it’s crucial to develop solid inventory management skills.

This includes learning how to maintain an inventory by conducting regular audits, organizing the stock and efficiently ordering new parts when necessary.

Inventory management can be a complex task, as it requires the ability to predict future needs based on trends and past usage.

It also involves understanding the needs of the business and being able to respond quickly to changes in demand.

To develop these skills, consider taking courses or seminars on inventory management.

These can provide you with the theoretical background needed to understand the principles of efficient inventory control.

You can also gain practical experience by working in a parts department or in a related role where you have to manage a physical inventory.

In addition, learning how to use inventory management software is critical for this role.

These systems can help automate and streamline the inventory process, making it easier to track parts and manage orders.

Lastly, develop a keen eye for detail and a systematic approach towards work.

Mistakes in inventory can lead to significant issues, like delays in parts delivery or financial losses, so accuracy and precision are key traits for a successful Parts Manager.

Step 5: Hone Customer Service Skills

As a Parts Manager, interacting with customers will be a significant part of your role.

This includes customers who are looking for a specific part, customers who need advice on the correct part for their needs, and customers who are experiencing difficulties with a part they’ve purchased.

In order to provide excellent customer service, it’s important to improve your listening skills.

This means giving your undivided attention to the customer, asking clarifying questions when necessary, and understanding their needs in order to provide them with the best possible solution.

Improving your communication skills is also crucial.

This not only includes verbal communication but also non-verbal communication.

Be aware of your body language, eye contact, and tone of voice, as these can greatly impact a customer’s perception of the service they receive.

Problem-solving is another key skill that will come in handy in this role.

You’ll often encounter customers who are unsure of what they need or who have encountered a problem with a part.

Being able to think on your feet and come up with effective solutions is critical in maintaining customer satisfaction.

Additionally, gaining knowledge about the different parts you’ll be handling will help to increase customer trust and confidence.

This knowledge will allow you to provide accurate and helpful information to customers, further improving the service they receive.

Finally, remember that patience and empathy are key.

Customers may be frustrated or upset when they come to you.

Being able to empathize with their situation and patiently help them through their issue can go a long way in providing excellent customer service.

With these skills, you’ll be better equipped to excel as a Parts Manager and provide an outstanding service to your customers.

Step 6: Learn Management Skills

In order to excel as a Parts Manager, it’s crucial to develop management skills.

This can be achieved by pursuing courses in management or through hands-on experience in a supervisory role.

Courses in management will teach you the basics of team leadership, conflict resolution, and operational efficiency.

They will also provide you with the tools to manage the inventory, supply chain, and logistics which are key components of a Parts Manager role.

Institutions offer both online and on-campus courses in management that can be taken part-time while you gain industry experience.

On the other hand, hands-on experience can be gained by working your way up in a related role.

Starting as a parts clerk or assistant parts manager can provide the opportunity to learn about the complexities of the role and the industry.

It can also allow you to understand how to effectively manage a team, handle customer complaints, and ensure smooth operations.

Another way to learn management skills is by seeking mentorship from experienced Parts Managers.

They can provide real-world advice and guidance that can help shape your management style.

Remember, good management is not just about handling operations effectively, but also about leading a team, maintaining a positive work environment, and ensuring customer satisfaction.

This step is essential in your journey to becoming a Parts Manager.

Step 7: Stay Current with Industry Trends

As a Parts Manager, it’s crucial to stay updated with the latest industry trends, technological advancements, and changes in parts management systems.

This knowledge will help you improve your inventory management, streamline operations, and ultimately increase your department’s efficiency and profitability.

Staying current with industry trends involves continuous learning and development.

You can achieve this by attending industry-related conferences, seminars, and workshops.

These platforms offer the opportunity to learn from industry leaders, network with peers, and stay abreast of emerging trends in parts management.

Subscribing to industry-specific magazines and online publications is another effective way to stay informed.

You can also join professional parts management associations, which often provide members with resources and training materials to keep them updated.

Furthermore, you can leverage digital technologies such as parts management software, which are constantly being updated and improved.

Familiarizing yourself with the latest software and digital tools can drastically improve your ability to manage inventory, place orders, and analyze sales data.

Lastly, consider investing in ongoing training for both you and your team.

As new parts management techniques and technologies emerge, ensuring your team is proficient in using them is vital for maintaining a competitive edge.

Remember, in the ever-evolving parts industry, those who fail to adapt and innovate often fall behind.

Staying current with industry trends is not just a step in pursuing the role of Parts Manager, it’s a continuous commitment throughout your career.

Step 8: Obtain Certification

As a Parts Manager, although not strictly necessary, obtaining a certification can significantly boost your career prospects.

Several organizations offer certification programs that can help establish your expertise in parts management.

For instance, the American Production and Inventory Control Society (APICS) offers the Certified in Production and Inventory Management (CPIM) certification, which is widely recognized in the industry.

When pursuing the certification, you will need to demonstrate your understanding of inventory management, production planning, and operational strategies.

This can be achieved through a series of exams that you will need to pass.

Also, the Automotive Management Institute (AMI) offers the Accredited Automotive Manager (AAM) certification.

This program focuses on enhancing management and business skills and could be beneficial if you aim to work in an automotive parts management role.

Remember, having a certification can help establish your authority and expertise in the field, and it can make you more appealing to potential employers.

It’s also worth noting that some certifications require you to undertake continuing education to maintain your certified status, which ensures you stay up-to-date with the latest trends and technologies in the industry.

Step 9: Build a Professional Network

As you continue to establish your career as a Parts Manager, building a strong professional network can be advantageous.

This can involve forging connections within your current organization, including with colleagues, superiors, and other parts managers.

In addition, consider joining professional associations or groups related to parts management or the specific industry you are working in.

These can provide invaluable opportunities for networking, continued learning, and professional development.

Attending industry conferences or trade shows can also be a good way to meet other professionals in your field, learn about industry trends, and potentially uncover new job opportunities.

Furthermore, don’t overlook the value of online networking.

LinkedIn can be a useful tool for connecting with other parts managers, joining relevant groups, and staying up-to-date with industry news and trends.

By maintaining a strong professional network, you not only increase your knowledge and skills but also enhance your visibility in the industry which could open doors to new opportunities and career advancement.

Step 10: Demonstrate Leadership Capability

In order to advance to the role of a Parts Manager, you need to demonstrate strong leadership skills and managerial ability.

This could be done by taking on more responsibilities in your current role, such as overseeing a small team or managing a project.

You should be able to show your ability to efficiently manage resources, including parts inventory, ordering processes, and vendor relationships.

It’s also crucial to demonstrate skills in decision-making, problem-solving, and the ability to handle stressful situations.

Leadership also involves excellent communication skills, as a parts manager will need to regularly interact with staff, customers, and suppliers.

You can highlight these skills by taking on roles that require you to engage with different departments or present reports to management.

Consider additional training courses or certifications in management and leadership to further enhance your skills.

As you gain more experience and demonstrate your abilities, you will be in a strong position to move into a Parts Manager role.

Step 11: Apply for Parts Manager Positions

Once you have obtained the necessary educational qualification, gained the relevant work experience, and honed your skills, you are ready to apply for Parts Manager positions.

Start your search by looking at various job posting sites, company websites, and industry-specific job boards.

Networking with professionals in the field can also be beneficial in finding job opportunities.

Craft a well-structured resume highlighting your qualifications, skills, and experience in parts management.

A good resume should highlight your knowledge of inventory management, your ability to forecast parts needs, and your customer service experience.

In addition, you should also prepare a compelling cover letter that outlines your interest in the position, your qualifications, and what makes you a good fit for the role.

The cover letter should be tailored to each specific job application to show your interest and understanding of what the job entails.

Before the interview, familiarize yourself with the company’s products, services, and culture.

During the interview, highlight your relevant experience, your problem-solving skills, and your ability to manage a team.

Show enthusiasm for the role and ask insightful questions about the job and the company.

Remember, persistence is key.

If you don’t succeed at first, keep applying until you find the right opportunity.

After applying, follow up on your applications, and never stop networking and improving your skills.

Step 12: Prepare for Interviews

As you reach the stage of applying for Parts Manager positions, it’s crucial to thoroughly prepare for interviews.

This preparation involves understanding the industry and the specific company’s operations, anticipating potential interview questions, and highlighting your relevant experiences and skills.

Research the company and its industry to understand their requirements and challenges.

Familiarize yourself with the type of inventory management systems they use and the parts they usually deal with.

Understanding their challenges and strategies will help you to answer questions more effectively and demonstrate your readiness to take on the role.

Prepare for common interview questions like How have you improved parts inventory efficiency in the past?

or How do you handle parts shortages?

Be ready to provide specific examples from your previous experiences that reflect your problem-solving skills and knowledge of parts management.

Consider doing mock interviews with a mentor or colleague to hone your responses and gain confidence.

This practice can be particularly beneficial if you are transitioning to a Parts Manager role from a different role or industry.

Lastly, remember to highlight your technical skills like inventory management software proficiency, and interpersonal skills like team leadership and customer service, which are essential for a Parts Manager role.

Bring up any relevant certifications or trainings you have undergone to show your commitment to the role.

In sum, thorough preparation that combines self-reflection, company research, and practice is the key to excelling in Parts Manager interviews.

Step 13: Keep Learning and Advancing

As a Parts Manager, it’s important to never stop learning and improving in order to advance in your career.

Stay updated with the latest trends and technologies in the parts management industry.

This could include new methods of inventory management, advances in parts tracking software, or trends in sourcing parts.

Consider enrolling in advanced courses or workshops that focus on parts management or related areas.

This might include courses on supply chain management, operations management or business administration.

These courses can provide you with the advanced skills necessary to take on increased responsibilities and possibly secure promotions within your organization.

On top of your ongoing education, ensure you’re continuously improving your customer service skills, as customer satisfaction is a key part of a Parts Manager’s job.

Attend customer service training sessions, solicit feedback from clients, and look for ways to improve the overall customer experience.

Finally, participate in networking opportunities.

Join professional organizations, attend industry conferences and events, and make connections with other professionals in your field.

Networking can open doors to new opportunities and help you stay current with industry news and trends.

Parts Manager Roles and Responsibilities

A Parts Manager is responsible for overseeing the purchasing and inventory of parts for various machinery, vehicles, or equipment.

They ensure that the necessary parts are available when needed for repairs or upgrades.

They maintain relationships with vendors and negotiate contracts for parts purchases.

They have the following roles and responsibilities:

Inventory Management

Manage inventory levels to ensure parts are available as needed.
Conduct regular inventory audits to prevent discrepancies.
Implement inventory control systems and best practices.

Purchasing

Source and order parts from suppliers.
Negotiate contracts with vendors to secure advantageous terms.
Review purchase orders for accuracy and optimal pricing.

Supplier Relationship Management

Establish and maintain relationships with suppliers.
Communicate with suppliers to resolve issues or discrepancies.
Evaluate supplier performance and quality of parts.

Quality Assurance

Ensure parts meet quality standards and specifications.
Handle warranty claims and returns of defective parts.
Work with Quality Assurance teams to improve part quality.

Parts Sales

Assist customers with part inquiries and sales.
Provide technical advice to customers about parts and their use.
Process sales transactions and generate invoices.

Staff Management

Supervise parts department staff and provide training as needed.
Delegate tasks and monitor team performance.
Manage staff schedules, workload, and performance evaluations.

Financial Management

Monitor and control department budget and expenditures.
Conduct cost analyses and set pricing strategies.
Generate and present financial reports.

Communication

Work closely with service department to ensure part availability for repairs.
Communicate effectively with team members, customers, and suppliers.
Report on inventory levels, orders, and issues to upper management.

Continuous Learning

Stay updated on parts-related knowledge and trends.
Attend trainings, workshops, and industry events.

What Does a Parts Manager Do?

Parts Managers typically work in automotive, industrial, or mechanical industries.

They could be employed by dealerships, repair shops, or warehouses.

Their main responsibility is to manage and oversee the inventory of parts needed for various operations or repairs.

This can include ordering new parts, tracking delivery, organizing and categorizing parts, as well as maintaining accurate records of inventory.

Parts Managers also work closely with service technicians or mechanics to ensure they have the parts they need to complete their work.

They may also be responsible for returning unused or defective parts to suppliers.

Additionally, they frequently interact with customers, processing orders, and advising on the appropriate parts needed for certain tasks or repairs.

Some Parts Managers may also be involved in setting pricing strategies for parts, creating promotional offers, and negotiating contracts with suppliers.

Their role is crucial in ensuring the smooth operation of the business by preventing delays due to missing or unavailable parts.

Essential Parts Manager Skills

Organization: A parts manager needs to maintain an organized inventory system, ensuring that all parts are correctly cataloged and easily accessible. This involves both physical organization and digital inventory management skills.
Product Knowledge: In-depth knowledge of the parts they manage is critical. This includes understanding the purpose, operation, and compatibility of various parts.
Communication: Parts managers must effectively communicate with various stakeholders, including suppliers, staff, and customers. This involves explaining complex information in a simple, understandable manner.
Vendor Relations: Building and maintaining relationships with parts suppliers is a crucial part of this role. This includes negotiating contracts and managing purchase orders.
Customer Service: Parts managers often interact with customers, answering questions and addressing complaints. Strong customer service skills, including patience, empathy, and problem-solving, are vital.
Technical Understanding: A background in mechanics or a related field can be beneficial. Understanding how different parts function and fit into larger systems allows for more accurate ordering and inventory management.
Forecasting and Planning: Parts managers need to predict future needs based on sales trends, seasonality, and other factors. They should be able to create and execute effective procurement plans.
Team Management: Often, parts managers are responsible for a team. Strong leadership and team management skills are necessary, including motivation, delegation, and conflict resolution abilities.
Financial Management: Basic financial skills are essential for this role. Parts managers must create and manage budgets, set pricing strategies, and understand financial reports to ensure profitability.
Problem-solving: Issues can arise with suppliers, inventory, or customers. A parts manager must be able to identify and solve problems quickly and effectively.
Attention to Detail: Accuracy is crucial when managing parts inventory. Parts managers must have a keen eye for detail to avoid costly errors or oversights.
Computer Skills: Proficiency with inventory management software, databases, and basic office software (such as spreadsheets) is typically required. Some roles may also require knowledge of specific software used in the industry.
Time Management: Parts managers often juggle multiple tasks and priorities. Effective time management skills are crucial to ensure all tasks are completed on time.
Logistics: Understanding logistics and supply chain management can help ensure efficient delivery and storage of parts. This includes knowledge of shipping and receiving procedures.
Regulatory Compliance: Depending on the industry, parts managers may need to understand and comply with specific regulations or standards related to parts storage, disposal, or handling.

Parts Manager Career Path Progression

The Foundation: Junior Parts Manager

The journey typically begins as a Junior Parts Manager.

In this stage, you are like a sponge, absorbing knowledge about the different parts, their functionality, and how the inventory system works.

Your responsibilities may include assisting in managing the inventory, placing orders, and liaising with suppliers.

Here are some tips for success in this role:

Learn Continuously: Stay up-to-date with the latest developments in parts and inventory management.
Seek Mentorship: Don’t hesitate to ask questions and seek guidance from senior colleagues.
Be Organized: Keep track of inventory and ensure all orders are placed accurately and on time.

The Ascent: Parts Manager

As you gain experience and confidence, you transition into the role of a Parts Manager.

You manage the inventory, interact with suppliers and mechanics, and ensure that the right parts are available when needed.

Here’s how to thrive in this stage:

Communication: Establish and maintain good relationships with suppliers and other stakeholders.
Problem Solving: Resolve any issues regarding parts availability and order delays.
Inventory Management: Efficiently manage the inventory to avoid stockouts and overstock situations.

Reaching New Heights: Senior Parts Manager

The next step up the ladder is the Senior Parts Manager position.

At this stage, you are recognized for your expertise and leadership within the team.

You may oversee multiple parts departments, coordinate with other departments, and ensure seamless operation.

To excel as a Senior Parts Manager:

Mentorship: Share your knowledge and help junior managers grow.
Strategic Thinking: Consider overall business goals while making decisions related to parts management.
Leadership: Lead by example and inspire others with your work ethic and problem-solving abilities.

Beyond the Horizon: Parts Director and Beyond

As your career progresses, you may choose to specialize in a particular area, such as becoming a Parts Director or an Operations Manager, overseeing all inventory and operational aspects.

Each of these roles involves greater responsibilities, leadership, and strategic decision-making.

Here’s what to focus on:

Operational Leadership: Drive operational initiatives and shape the direction of your projects and teams.
Management Skills: Develop strong leadership and communication skills to guide your team effectively.
Efficiency: Continually look for ways to improve processes and increase efficiency.

Pinnacle of Success: Vice President of Operations or Director of Parts

You may reach roles like Vice President of Operations or Director of Parts at the highest echelons of the parts management career ladder.

Here, you’ll be responsible for shaping the overall operational strategy of the organization, making critical decisions, and managing larger teams.

Parts Manager Salary

Entry-Level Parts Manager

Median Salary: $35,000 – $45,000 per year
Entry-level parts managers typically have 0-2 years of experience and may hold an associate’s or bachelor’s degree in business, management, or a related field. They handle basic tasks like ordering and maintaining inventory.

Mid-Level Parts Manager

Median Salary: $45,000 – $55,000 per year
Mid-level parts managers have 2-5 years of experience and typically handle more complex responsibilities like supervising staff, managing relationships with suppliers, and ensuring inventory accuracy.

Senior Parts Manager

Median Salary: $55,000 – $70,000 per year
Senior parts managers possess 5+ years of experience and are responsible for leading the parts department, coordinating with other departments, implementing inventory management systems, and contributing to strategic planning.

Parts Director / Parts Department Manager

Median Salary: $70,000 – $90,000+ per year
These roles require significant experience and often involve overseeing the entire parts department, making strategic decisions about inventory and supplier relationships, and developing and implementing policies and procedures.

Vice President of Parts / Parts Operations Director

Median Salary: $90,000 – $120,000+ per year
These high-level positions require extensive experience and a deep understanding of parts management. They often involve setting strategies for the parts department, coordinating with other executives, and making major decisions about suppliers and inventory management.

Parts Manager Work Environment

Parts Managers typically work in auto dealerships, repair garages, or even large manufacturing plants where equipment requires regular maintenance and replacement of parts.

They usually work in office environments, but may often be found in the parts or inventory storage area, ensuring all necessary parts are in stock and organized.

They may also spend time in the service area coordinating with service technicians about the parts required for repair jobs.

Parts Managers generally work standard business hours, but depending on the needs of the business, they might also have to work in shifts, during weekends, or even beyond normal working hours especially during high-demand periods.

With enough experience and expertise in parts management, a Parts Manager may choose to open their own parts supply business or consultancy.

FAQs About Becoming a Parts Manager

What is needed to become a Parts Manager?

To become a Parts Manager, you typically need a strong foundation in inventory management, logistics, and customer service.

This can be achieved through a combination of formal education (such as an associate’s or bachelor’s degree in business management or a related field), and practical experience.

Key skills include proficiency in inventory management software, understanding of supply chain processes, knowledge of automotive parts, and customer service abilities.

Additionally, soft skills like leadership, communication, and problem-solving are important in this field.

How long does it take to be a Parts Manager?

The time it takes to become a Parts Manager can vary depending on your educational path and experience level.

If you pursue a traditional degree in business management or a related field, it typically takes two to four years.

However, experience in the field of parts management or a related area, such as warehousing or logistics, is often essential.

This could mean several years of on-the-job training and gradual advancement through roles of increasing responsibility.

Can I be a Parts Manager without a degree?

Yes, it is possible to become a Parts Manager without a traditional degree.

Many employers prioritize skills and practical experience over formal education.

You can acquire the necessary skills through on-the-job training, online courses, or vocational programs.

Demonstrating a strong track record in inventory management, customer service, and leadership can also enhance your prospects.

However, having a degree may provide a competitive edge and open up more opportunities, especially in larger companies or for higher-level positions.

Is being a Parts Manager a stressful job?

Being a Parts Manager can be stressful at times, as it often involves juggling multiple tasks such as inventory control, customer service, and staff management.

However, the level of stress can vary depending on the company, the specific role, and the individual’s organizational skills and coping strategies.

Many Parts Managers find the work to be challenging and rewarding, which can offset the stress.

What are the prospects for Parts Managers in the next decade?

The prospects for Parts Managers are generally stable in the next decade.

As long as there are vehicles, machinery, and equipment requiring parts, there will be a need for Parts Managers.

The introduction of new technologies and increasing reliance on logistics and supply chain efficiency may provide new opportunities and challenges in the field.

Conclusion

There you have it.

Setting your sights on becoming a parts manager is no small undertaking, but it is certainly worthwhile.

Equipped with the necessary skills, appropriate education, and unwavering determination, you’re well on your path to making a substantial contribution to the automotive industry.

Bear in mind, the journey may be demanding, but the prospects are endless. Your skill set could lead to the next significant development that revolutionizes how we manage, operate, and understand automotive parts.

So, take that initial leap. Immerse yourself in industry knowledge. Network with professionals. And above all, never stop learning.

Because the world is waiting for what you can accomplish.

And if you’re in need of tailored advice on starting or advancing your career in parts management, explore our AI Career Path Advisor.

This complimentary tool is designed to provide personalized guidance and resources to help you effectively navigate your career path.

Work from Paradise: Remote Jobs That Can Pay Your Bills and Then Some!

The Unyielding Human: Jobs That Resist AI’s Advance

Effortlessly Earning: These Jobs Will Make Your Friends Jealous!

Barely Scraping By: The Top Jobs With Alarmingly Low Pay in 2025